ESG Reporting Standards & Frameworks in Brightest
Brightest provides up-to-date reporting forms for major international ESG and sustainability standards and frameworks. Below is a list of the available standards and frameworks in Brightest. Some companies are required by law to submit certain ESG standards while others voluntarily follow ESG standards and frameworks.
To determine if you organization is required by law to submit a specific ESG report, we recommend reviewing the legislation and regulations in your reporting country or region.
List of ESG Reporting Standards and Frameworks
Transition Plan Task Force (TPT)
UK Modern Slavery Act
California Corporate Climate Data Accountability Act (SB 253)
Themes: Greenhouse gas emissions reporting & reduction, corporate climate accountability, environmental impact disclosure
Best for:
Mandatory for all companies that meet the following requirements:
Over $1,000,000,000 (one billion dollars) in annual revenue
Operating or doing business in the state of California
beginning in 2026 based on their 2025 fiscal and operating year.
Number of participants: NA - take effect in 2026
Stakeholder audience: Large organizations doing business in California, Regulators
Background: On January 30, 2023, the US state of California (CA) announced two new corporate climate reporting laws, the Climate Corporate Data Accountability Act (SB 253) and the Climate-Related Financial Risk Disclosure Act (SB 261). The laws are part of a broader state climate accountability package introduced by the California Senate, designed to improve corporate climate accountability and environmental impact disclosure among large companies doing business in CA. The SB 253 law requires qualifying companies, both public and private, to:
Improve their corporate transparency on carbon and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, including disclosures on their Scope 1, 2 and 3 emissions
Standardize their corporate disclosures regarding GHG emissions
Deliver an annual emissions report to the California Air Resources Board (CARB) and the CA State Emissions Registry
Complete independent, third party emissions verification
Due to the complexity calculating and measuring Scope 3 emissions, companies will have an additional 180 day grace period to complete their initial Scope 3 emissions disclosure. SB 253 also authorizes the California Attorney General to bring civil actions against companies and seek civil penalties for any violations of the act.
The primary goal of the California Climate Corporate Accountability Act is to drive greater climate and GHG emissions accountability for large polluters.
More information here.
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CDP
Themes: Climate, Supply Chain, Forest Water
Best for: Medium to Large Companies
Number of participants: 18,700+ companies reported on climate change, water security and forests; 1,100+ cities, states and regions disclosed environmental information through CDP
Stakeholder audience: Investors, Supply Chain
Background: CDP (formerly the Carbon Disclosure Project) is a not-for-profit charity that is responsible for the global disclosure standard for investors, companies, cities, states and regions. The CDP standard offers a way for companies to measure, disclose and manage their environmental impacts. It covers a wide range of environmental issues, including climate change, water use, deforestation and waste management. The CDP standard can be used by investors, customers and regulators to assess the environmental risks and opportunities of companies as well as to identify and monitor improvements in environmental performance. The CDP standard is aligned with other environmental reporting frameworks like the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) and the Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (SASB). The CDP standard has four themes:
Climate Change - includes a company's greenhouse gas emissions, climate change risks and opportunities, and climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies.
Water - covers the company's water use, water risk and opportunities, and water management strategies.
Forests - covers the company's impact on forests, including deforestation, forest degradation, and forest conservation.
Supply Chain - covers the company's efforts to manage environmental risks and opportunities in its supply chain.
The CDP standard also includes a number of cross-cutting issues, such as biodiversity, circular economy, and human rights.
Companies can submit their annual CDP disclosures by completing any or all of the CDP questionnaires on climate change, forests, and water security. The CDP reviews the disclosure submissions and publishes the scores of reporting companies on its website.
Follow the CDP website to find out when the annual CDP report submission deadline is. Report deadline for 2023 is July 26th.
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Deutscher Nachhaltigkeitskodex (DNK)
Themes: Environment, Labor rights, Human rights
Best for: Businesses, Financial sector actors
Number of participants: 1,000+
Stakeholder audience: Investors, Employees, Suppliers, Customers
Background: The Deutscher Nachhaltigkeitskodex (DNK), or German Sustainability Code, is a set of voluntary guidelines for sustainability reporting in Germany. It was developed by the German Sustainability Council (RNE), a non-profit organization that promotes sustainability in Germany. The DNK standard is based on the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) Standards and is in line with the UN SDGs and EU Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD).
The RNE developed the DNK standard to provide a framework for companies to communicate their sustainability performance in a clear and transparent way. The DNK standard is divided into three sections:
Principles - sets out the core principles of sustainability reporting, such as materiality, completeness, accuracy, and comparability.
Content requirements - specifies the information that companies are required to report on, such as their environmental impacts, social impacts, and governance practices.
Performance indicators - provides a list of indicators that companies can use to measure their sustainability performance.
Companies that participate in the DNK standard are required to submit their reports annually to the DNK database. The DNK database is a public website where companies can publish their reports and where stakeholders can access them. Companies that comply with the DNK standard are awarded the DNK seal of approval, a valuable asset for companies that want to demonstrate their commitment to sustainability.
More information here.
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Global Reporting Initiative (GRI)
Themes: General - Sustainability
Best for: Any type of organization, public or private
Number of participants: 10,000+
Stakeholder audience: All
Background: The Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) Standards are a set of guidelines for sustainability reporting, transparency and comparability. In 1997, Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) was created as the first global, third party sustainability and social impact measurement standards. The standards are designed to help an organization communicate their ESG impacts and show a holistic picture of their material topics, their related impacts and how they manage those topics and impacts. The report is divided into different sections. The Universal Standards section was recently revised to incorporate reporting on human rights and environmental due diligence. The new sector standards were created to enable more consistent reporting on sector-specific impacts.
GRI has no central oversight function – though companies can choose to make their reports available via a database on the GRI website. GRI recommends reporting for the same time period as your organization’s financial reporting.
Information on registering your GRI report here.
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Energy Savings Opportunity Scheme (ESOS)
Themes: Energy consumption, Energy efficiency, Energy cost-savings
Best for: Mandatory for large organizations in the UK that meet the qualification criteria. A large organization is defined as:
For the qualification date for the second compliance period (31 December 2018):
employed 250 or more people
annual turnover in excess of €50 million (£44,845,000), and an annual balance sheet total in excess of €43 million (£38,566,700)
For the qualification date for the third compliance period (31 December 2022):
employs 250 or more people
annual turnover in excess of £44 million, and an annual balance sheet total in excess of £38 million
UK registered establishments of an overseas company also must comply with the ESOS (regardless of their size), if any other part of their global corporate group activities in the UK meet the ESOS qualifying criteria.
Number of participants: 10,000+
Stakeholder audience: Large organizations, Government agencies. Lead (energy) assessors
Background: In 2014, the Government of the United Kingdom established the Energy Savings Opportunities Scheme (ESOS) as part of the UK’s commitment to reducing energy consumption and carbon emissions. The ESOS is a mandatory energy assessment scheme for organizations in the UK that meet the qualification criteria. The scheme is based on the EU Energy Efficiency Directive (2012/27/EU), which requires all EU member states to establish a system to ensure large organizations carry out energy audits and implement energy saving measures. The Environment Agency is the UK scheme administrator, while various agencies act as regulators in the UK.
Organizations that qualify for ESOS must carry out ESOS assessments every 4 years. If an organization qualifies for ESOS though is fully covered by ISO 50001, then that organization does not need to carry out an ESOS assessment. The organization only needs to notify the Environment Agency.
If an organization qualifies for ESOS though is not fully covered by ISO 50001, then the organization needs to carry out an ESOS assessment to determine what is needed to be compliant with ESOS. Steps in the ESOS assessment include:
Calculation of total energy consumption
Identify areas of significant energy consumption
Appointment of a lead assessor - internal or external, must be members approved professional body registry
Notify the Environment Agency
Keep records
More information here. Full guide on compliance here.
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European Sustainability Reporting Standards (ESRS) / Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD)
Themes: Environment, Social, Governance
Best for: Companies in the European Union, companies required to comply by law (including outside the EU, if they meet the requirements)
Number of participants: NA - estimated 50,000 companies to report in the first year
Stakeholder audience: Regulators, Investors, Customers, Employees, Suppliers
Background: The European Sustainability Reporting Standards (ESRS) and the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD) are complementary pieces of legislation aimed to improve the quality and comparability of sustainability reporting in the European Union. The ESRS were developed by the European Financial Reporting Advisory Group (EFRAG) and provide companies with a framework for measuring and reporting on their sustainability performance. The CSRD is a legally binding instrument and ensures that companies in the European Union report on their sustainability performance in accordance with the ESRS. The CSRD requires companies to report on a wide range of sustainability issues, including:
Environmental: greenhouse gas emissions, water use, waste management, and biodiversity
Social: employee health and safety, diversity and inclusion, and human rights
Governance: board structure and composition, risk management, and internal controls
Companies will be required to provide quantitative data and qualitative information on their sustainability performance. They will also be required to have their reports audited by an independent third party.
The CSRD entered into force in January 2023. The scope of companies required to comply with CSRD will be progressively introduced, starting with large businesses in 2024 to small and medium-sized enterprises by 2026. Note, The rules introduced by the Non-Financial Reporting Directive (NFRD) remain in force until companies are required to apply the new rules of the CSRD. Starting in the 2024 financial year (for reports published in 2025), ESRS - CSRD compliance will apply to all companies with:
Over 250 employees
More than 40€ million in annual revenue
More than 20€ million in total assets
Publicly-listed equities and have more than 10 employees or 20€ million revenue
International and non-EU companies with more than 150€ million annual revenue within the EU and which have at least one subsidiary or branch in the EU exceeding certain thresholds
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Fighting Against Forced Labour and Child Labour in Supply Chains Act (Canada S-211)
Themes: Human rights, forced labor & child labor prevention
Best for: Canadian companies
Number of participants: NA - takes effect starting January 2024
Stakeholder audience: Investors, Governments, Businesses, Consumers
Background: The Fighting Against Forced Labour and Child Labour in Supply Chains Act (Canada S-211) was first introduced in the Canadian Senate in 2021. It received royal assent on May 3, 2023, and will come into effect on January 1, 2024. The Act requires Canadian businesses with a total annual revenue of $20 million or more, or that have 500 or more employees, to report on the steps they have taken to prevent and reduce the risk of forced labour and child labour in their supply chains. The Act is the first law in Canada that specifically requires businesses to report on their efforts to prevent these abuses in their supply chains and gives the Minister of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness the power to investigate and enforce compliance with the Act. The Canada S-211 standard covers the following themes:
Prevention: Businesses must take steps to prevent forced labour and child labour in their supply chains.
Reducing the risk: Businesses must reduce the risk of forced labour and child labour in their supply chains.
Reporting: Businesses must report on the steps they have taken to prevent and reduce the risk of forced labour and child labour in their supply chains.
Businesses that are required to comply with the Canada S-211 standard will need to submit annual reports to the Minister of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness.
More information here.
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Global Real Estate Sustainability Benchmark (GRESB)
Themes: Environmental, Social, Governance (ESG) performance (water, energy, waste, community engagement, corporate governance)
Best for: Real estate companies
Number of participants: 9,000+
Stakeholder audience: Investors, Customers, Employees, Suppliers
Background: The Global Real Estate Sustainability Benchmark (GRESB) standard was developed in 2009 by the Global Real Estate Sustainability Council (GRESC), a non-profit organization that promotes sustainability in the real estate industry. The GRESB standard is based on the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) Standards and is now the leading global benchmark for real estate sustainability performance. GRESB's assessments are based on a set of sustainability performance metrics:
Water: assessment of companies' water management practices, including water use, water efficiency, and water quality.
Energy: assessment of companies' energy management practices, including energy use, energy efficiency, and renewable energy.
Waste: assessment of companies' waste management practices, including waste generation, waste reduction, and waste recycling.
Community: assessment of companies' community engagement practices, including community relations, social impact, and diversity and inclusion.
Governance: assessment of companies' corporate governance practices, including board oversight, risk management, and ethics and compliance.
These metrics are developed by GRESB's technical advisory committee, which is made up of representatives from the real estate industry, investors, and other stakeholders.
GRESB scores companies on their sustainability performance on a scale of 1 to 100, with 100 being the highest score. The GRESB score is a valuable tool for investors, asset managers, and other stakeholders to assess the sustainability performance of real estate companies.
Companies that participate in the GRESB standard are required to submit their reports annually on the GRESB website. The GRESB website is where companies can publish their reports and are made accessible to the public. The submission deadline is July 1st and the portal opens April 1st every year. GRESB is constantly updating its assessments to reflect the latest sustainability trends and best practices.
More information here.
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International Sustainability Standards Board (ISSB - IFRS)
Themes: Environment, Social, Governance with a climate-focus.
Best for: Global public companies
Number of participants: NA - in draft phase, expected to be published end of 2023
Stakeholder audience: Investors and financial markets
Background: The ISSB was created in 2021 by the IFRS Foundation, the same organization that oversees the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). The ISSB is responsible for developing a global set of sustainability disclosure standards that will meet the needs of investors and the financial markets. The ISSB standards will be part of the broader body of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and are to be known as IFRS-S (“S” for sustainability).
The ISSB will develop a set of sustainability disclosure standards that are aligned with the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) recommendations and builds off of the Sustainable Accounting Standards Board (SASB) framework. The standards will cover a range of sustainability topics, including climate change, environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors.
More information here.
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Streamlined Energy and Carbon Reporting (SECR)
Themes: Energy use, carbon emissions
Best for: Large companies in the UK, 250+ employees, £36 million+ annual turnover
Number of participants: 10,000+ large organizations
Stakeholder audience: Organizations, investors, regulators
Background: In 2019, the Streamlined Energy and Carbon Reporting (SECR) standard was introduced in response to the UK government's commitment to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 80% by 2050. The standard is part of a wider effort by the UK government to improve the environmental performance of large organizations looking at not only GHG emissions, but also efforts taken to improve energy efficiency. The SECR standard covers three main themes:
Energy use: Organizations must report their total energy use, as well as the energy use for different types of activities, such as heating, lighting, and transportation.
Carbon emissions: Organizations must report their total carbon emissions, as well as the carbon emissions for different types of activities.
Energy efficiency measures: Organizations must report on the energy efficiency measures that they have implemented, such as installing energy-efficient lighting or insulation.
Annual SECR reporting is mandatory for the following companies:
All quoted companies (i.e. companies listed on the public exchange), who are already required to comply with greenhouse gas reporting
‘Large’ unquoted companies that are incorporated in the UK
‘Large’ Limited Liability Partnerships (LLPs)
According to the Companies Act 2006, companies are considered ‘large’ if they meet at least two of the following criteria:
A turnover of at least £36 million
A balance sheet of at least £18 million; or
At least 250 employees
Exemptions include companies that use a low level of energy (40MWh or less per reporting period) as well as organizations and those undertaking public activities, such as charities, universities, hospitals and academies.
More information here.
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Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (SASB)
Themes: ESG Financial Risk
Best for: Large Companies
Number of participants: 4,000
Stakeholder audience: Investors
Background: In August 2022, the International Reporting Standards (IFRS) Foundation merged with the global non-profit Value Reporting Foundation (VRF) and assumed responsibility for the SASB standard. The IFRS Foundation created the International Sustainability Standards Board (ISSB) to respond to a demand for transparent financial-related sustainability disclosures by companies. The ISSB has committed to building on the work of existing investor-focused initiatives like the SASB standards and the TCFD (Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures) recommendations into its standards. The ISSB has launched a draft IFRS Sustainability Disclosure Standards. The IFRS Foundation encourages companies to keep using the SASB standards which will help report preparers meet immediate needs of investors while laying the groundwork for adoption of the IFRS Sustainability Disclosure Standards in the near future.
The Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (SASB) provides non-financial, sector-specific sustainability reporting standards and is designed to help companies disclose financially-material sustainability information to investors. SASB identifies the subset of environmental, social, and governance issues most relevant to financial performance in each of its 77 industries including: consumer goods, extractives & minerals processing, financials, food & beverages, health care, infrastructure, renewable resource & alternative energy, and resource transformation.
To learn more about SASB.
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Science Based Targets Initiative (SBTi)
Themes: Greenhouse gas emissions reduction, net-zero emissions
Best for: Companies, financial institutions
Number of participants: 2,000+
Stakeholder audience: Companies, Investors, Regulators
Background: The Science Based Targets Initiative (SBTi) call to action strives to show companies and financial institutions the urgency in the need to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions to avoid the worst impacts of climate change. By using the latest climate science, the SBTi aims to guide market participants in setting ambitious reduction targets on their way towards achieving net-zero. The SBTi is a partnership between CDP, the United Nations Global Compact, World Resources Institute (WRI) and the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF). The SBTi defines and promotes best practice in emissions reductions and provides technical assistance to companies who set science-based targets in line with the latest climate science. The SBTi standard covers four main themes:
Ambition: Companies must set ambitious targets to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions.
Alignment: Companies must align their targets with the latest climate science.
Transparency: Companies must disclose their targets and progress in achieving them.
Accountability: Companies must be held accountable for their targets.
Participating companies and institutions submit annual progress reports to the SBTi.
More information here.
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Sustainable Financial Disclosure Regulation (SFRD)
Themes: Financial market - disclosure on environmental, social and governance factors in investment processes & products
Best for: Financial market participants that offer products or services , investment advice, portfolio management services
Number of participants: Estimated to apply to 10,000+ financial market participants in the EU
Stakeholder audience: Investors, clients, employees, regulators, and the general public
Background: The Sustainable Financial Disclosure Regulation (SFDR) was adopted by the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union in June 2020. The SFDR is intended to be a stepping stone towards a more sustainable financial system. Under the SFDR, financial market participants, including banks, investment firms, pension funds, and financial advisors are required to disclose how they incorporate ESG considerations into their financial products or advice services. The aim is to bring more transparency to investment products with sustainability-related claims, improve comparability and help investors understand the impacts of their investment decisions.
In April 2022, the European Commission adopted the Delegated Regulation, which is a complementary piece of legislation to the SFDR. Together, the SFDR and Delegated Regulation work to improve the transparency of sustainable investment products and services in the European Union. The SFDR sets out the general requirements for disclosure, while the Delegated Regulation provides more detailed guidance on how to comply with these requirements. Key provisions of the Delegated Regulation:
Definition of sustainable investment products - those that have a sustainable investment objective and that integrate ESG factors into their investment process.
Disclosure requirements for sustainable investment products - include information about the product's sustainable investment objective, the ESG factors that are integrated into the investment process, and the performance of the product.
Disclosure requirements for financial market participants - include information about their policies and processes for integrating ESG factors into their investment processes and products.
Financial market participants annually submit their SFDR disclosures to the national regulatory authorities in each member state of the European Union.
More information here.
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Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD)
Themes: Climate-related risks & opportunities
Best for: Large companies, complex organizations exposed to significant climate-related risks and opportunities
Number of participants: 1,400+
Stakeholder audience: Investors, Regulators, Policy makers
Background: The G20 Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors asked the Financial Stability Board (FSB) to see how the financial sector could better incorporate climate-related issues. In response, the FSB created the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) to develop recommendations on the type of information that companies should disclose to help investors, lenders, and insurance underwriters appropriately assess and price risks related to climate change.
The TCFD recommends structuring disclosures around four thematic areas that represent core elements of how organizations operate: Governance, Strategy, Risk management and Metrics and targets - all from the perspective of climate-related risks and opportunities.
Governments around the world are beginning to integrate the TCFD framework into the development of their climate disclosure policies. These include Brazil, the European Union, Hong Kong, Japan, New Zealand, Singapore, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
The TCFD does not require companies to submit a report, as they are voluntary; however, some jurisdictions are making disclosures of climate-related risks and opportunities inline with the TCFD recommendations mandatory. For example, the UK government passed into law mandatory disclosure in line with the TCFD recommendations for some of its largest companies and financial institutions.
The timing of report submission will vary depending on the laws of the organization’s jurisdiction, the size and complexity of the organization, the nature of its climate-related risks and opportunities, and the needs of its stakeholders. For example, large and complex organizations with significant climate-related risks and opportunities may want to consider submitting a report annually. Smaller and less complex organizations may want to consider submitting a report every two or three years. More information here.
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Task Force on Nature-related Financial Disclosures (TNFD)
Themes: Nature, biodiversity, ecosystem degradation
Best for: All businesses and financial institutions of different sizes and across sectors and jurisdictions
Number of participants: NA - in draft phase
Stakeholder audience: Companies, Financial institutions, Investors, Regulators
Background: The Task Force on Nature-related Financial Disclosures (TNFD) was created in response to the growing need to consider nature-related risks and opportunities in financial and business decisions as well as to halt the acceleration of nature loss across the globe. In June 2021, TNFD was officially launched with support by financial institutions, corporates, governments and civil societies. The standard is based on the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) recommendations, which are widely used by companies and financial institutions to disclose their climate-related risks and opportunities. The TNFD standard covers four main themes:
Nature-related dependencies: Focus on natural resources that companies and financial institutions rely on, such as water, land, and biodiversity.
Nature-related impacts: Focuses on the positive and negative impacts that companies and financial institutions have on nature.
Nature-related risks: Focuses on the risks that companies and financial institutions face from nature, such as climate change, biodiversity loss, and water scarcity.
Nature-related opportunities: Focuses on the opportunities that companies and financial institutions can seize from nature, such as sustainable agriculture, renewable energy, and ecotourism.
The Taskforce is coming to the end of its two-year framework design and development phase. The TNFD framework, including TCFD-aligned recommended disclosures, will be published in September 2023 and ready for market adoption. More information here.
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Transition Plan Task Force
Themes: Net zero, climate transition
Best for: business in the UK. Currently, only listed issuers and FCA (Financial Conduct Authority)-regulated asset managers and owners are mandated to disclose their transition plans. However, this requirement operates on a "comply or explain" basis, allowing these businesses to forego disclosing transition plans if they can provide a reasoned explanation.
Number of participants: NA
Stakeholder audience: Companies, Financial institutions, Investors, Regulators
Background: In a landmark move towards sustainability, the UK Transition Plan Taskforce (TPT) unveiled its transition plan disclosure framework at the London Stock Exchange on October 9, 2023. This framework is expected to be a game-changer, challenging businesses to move faster toward a low greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions economy.
At its essence, the framework strives to encourage uniformity and consistency in climate transition disclosures, serving as a guiding force for the corporate world's commitment to achieving a net-zero transition. More information here.
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United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)
Themes: Set of 17 goals designed to end poverty, protect the planet, ensure prosperity for all
Best for: All
Number of participants: 193 participating countries
Stakeholder audience: All - governments, businesses, civil society organizations, individuals
Background: The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were created in response to the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), which were a set of eight goals that were adopted by the United Nations in 2000. The MDGs were successful in reducing poverty and improving health and education. The SDGs expand upon the MDGs as a more ambitious set of goals that aim to address a wider range of issues. The SDGs are divided into three categories with a total of 17 interconnected goals due to be achieved by 2030 and are universal, applying to all countries regardless of level of development:
Economic goals - economic growth, employment, and infrastructure.
Social goals - poverty, health, education, and gender equality.
Environmental goals - climate change, water, and biodiversity.
SDG commitments are voluntary; the process and frequency for submitting SDGs varies depending on the report writer. Some organizations may choose to submit their SDGs annually, while others may choose to submit them biennially or even less frequently. Organizations can submit their SDGs to the United Nations Sustainable Development Solutions Network (SDSN). The SDSN is a global network of organizations that are working to achieve the SDGs. The SDSN provides a platform for organizations to share their SDG commitments and progress.
Governments can submit their SDGs to the United Nations High-Level Political Forum on Sustainable Development (HLPF). The HLPF is a forum where governments report on their progress in implementing the SDGs. Governments are required to submit their SDGs to the HLPF every four years.
More information here.
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